Commit Graph

111 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
Cosmin Stejerean a99cfe036f
feat: support Dolby Vision profile 8.x (HEVC) and 10.x (AV1) in HLS and DASH (#1396)
Support Dolby Vision profile 8.1, 8.2, 8.4, 10.1, 10.4 signaling in HLS
and DASH.

Adds new option `--use_dovi_supplemental_codecs` (off by default) to use
SUPPLEMENTAL-CODECS in HLS and `scte214:supplementalCodecs` and
`scte214:supplementalProfiles` for DASH.

To maintain compatibility with existing players the current behavior of
using two entries in the manifest remains the default. This will be
changed in a future version where `use_dovi_supplemental_codecs` will
become on by default.

Adds Dolby Vision compatible brands, 'db1p', 'db2g', 'db4g', 'db4h',
'dby1' based on https://mp4ra.org/#/brands

---------

Co-authored-by: Xingzhao Yun <xyun@dolby.com>
2024-05-10 17:42:34 -07:00
sr90 bb104fef5d
feat: get start number from muxer and specify initial sequence number (#879)
Set the start number in representation to the segment index that is sent by muxer.

With this enhancement, you can now specify the initial sequence number
to be used on the generated segments when calling the packager.
With the old implementation, it was always starting with "1".

---------

Co-authored-by: Cosmin Stejerean <cstejerean@meta.com>
2024-05-02 13:25:49 -07:00
Daniel Cantarín 89376d3c4d
feat: Allow LIVE UDP WebVTT input (#1349)
An updated version of PR #1027

That previous PR was done using 2021 code, and there were many changes
in the codebase from there, so a rebase was needed and also some minor
tweak here and there. But it's the same code, just reimplemented on a
newer codebase.

If you want to take a look at this in action, after building shaka
packager with this PR's code included, try this commands in 3 different
simultaneous bash sessions:

1. Video UDP input: `ffmpeg -f lavfi -re -i
"testsrc=s=320x240:r=30,format=yuv420p" -c:v h264 -sc_threshold 0 -g 30
-keyint_min 30 -r 30 -a53cc 1 -b:v 150k -preset ultrafast -r 30 -f
mpegts "udp://127.0.0.1:10000?pkt_size=1316"`
2. WebVTT UDP input: `for sec in $(seq 0 9999) ; do printf
"%02d:%02d.000 --> %02d:%02d.000\ntest second ${sec}\n\n" "$(( ${sec} /
60 ))" "$(( ${sec} % 60 ))" "$(( (${sec} + 1) / 60 ))" "$(( (${sec} + 1)
% 60 ))" ; sleep 1 ; done > /dev/udp/127.0.0.1/12345`
3. shaka packager command line: `timeout 60
path/to/build/packager/packager
'in=udp://127.0.0.1:10000?timeout=8000000,stream_selector=0,init_segment=240_init.m4s,segment_template=240_$Number%09d$.m4s,bandwidth=150000'
'in=udp://127.0.0.1:12345?timeout=8000000,stream_selector=0,input_format=webvtt,format=webvtt+mp4,init_segment=text_init.m4s,segment_template=text_$Number%09d$.m4s,language=eng,dash_roles=subtitle'
--mpd_output ./manifest.mpd --segment_duration 3.2
--suggested_presentation_delay 3.2 --min_buffer_time 3.2
--minimum_update_period 3.2 --time_shift_buffer_depth 60
--preserved_segments_outside_live_window 1 --default_language=eng
--dump_stream_info 2>&1`

Note the added `input_format=webvtt` to the shaka packager command's
second selector. That's new from this PR. If you don't use that, shaka's
format autodetection will not detect the webvtt format from the input,
as explained in
https://github.com/shaka-project/shaka-packager/issues/685#issuecomment-1029407191.
Try the command without it if you want to.

Fixes #685
Fixes #1017

---------

Co-authored-by: Daniel Cantarín <canta@canta.com.ar>
2024-02-23 16:02:19 -08:00
Roy-Funderburk 07f780dae1
feat: This patch adds support for DTS:X Profile 2 audio in MP4 files. (#1303)
feat: Added audio specific configuration udts box to AudioSampleEntry
for MP4 input/output. DASH tags for DTS audio as specified in ETSI TS
103 491 and ETSI TS 102 114.

Closes #1301

---------

Co-authored-by: Cosmin Stejerean <cstejerean@meta.com>
2024-02-14 23:03:03 -08:00
Vishal Shah f73ad0d961
feat: HLS / DASH support forced subtitle (#1020)
Closes #988

---------

Co-authored-by: Cosmin Stejerean <cstejerean@meta.com>
2024-02-14 20:27:57 -08:00
sr90 b1c5a7433e
feat(DASH): Add Label element. (#1175)
Add ability to set `Label` tag in MPD, see page 35 of DASH-IF IOP 4.3
https://dashif.org/docs/DASH-IF-IOP-v4.3.pdf

Implements #881 

---------

Co-authored-by: Cosmin Stejerean <cstejerean@meta.com>
2024-02-14 10:36:08 -08:00
SteveR-PMP aad2a12a9d
feat: order streams in manifest based on command-line order (#1329)
This will force the muxer to order streams in the order given on the
command-line.

Closes #560
Closes #1280
Closes #1313

---------

Co-authored-by: Joey Parrish <joeyparrish@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Cosmin Stejerean <cstejerean@meta.com>
2024-02-14 09:21:11 -08:00
Joey Parrish 3e71302ba4
feat!: Rewrite build system and third-party dependencies (#1310)
This work was done over ~80 individual commits in the `cmake` branch,
which are now being merged back into `main`. As a roll-up commit, it is
too big to be reviewable, but each change was reviewed individually in
context of the `cmake` branch. After this, the `cmake` branch will be
renamed `cmake-porting-history` and preserved.

---------

Co-authored-by: Geoff Jukes <geoffjukes@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Bartek Zdanowski <bartek.zdanowski@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Carlos Bentzen <cadubentzen@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Dennis E. Mungai <2356871+Brainiarc7@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Cosmin Stejerean <cstejerean@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Carlos Bentzen <carlos.bentzen@bitmovin.com>
Co-authored-by: Cosmin Stejerean <cstejerean@meta.com>
Co-authored-by: Cosmin Stejerean <cosmin@offbytwo.com>
2023-12-01 09:32:19 -08:00
Caitlin O'Callaghan c87c5bcdef
Fix for gap size warning in Low Latency mode (#985)
## The issue
- With LL-DASH mode enabled, the gap size warning was hit and printed to the console every time a new segment was registered to the manifest.
- This occurred because the first chunk's size and duration were being stored for each segment, rather than the full segment size and duration. Note, only the first chunk's metrics are known at first because in low latency mode, the segment is registered to the manifest before it is finished being processed and written.
- Because of this, the gap size check was comparing the end time of the first chunk in the previous segment to the beginning time of the current segment, causing the check to fail every time.

## The Fix
- Update a low latency segment's duration and size once the segment file has been fully written.
- The full segment size and duration will be used to update the bandwidth estimator and the segment info list. 
- Updating the segment info list to hold the full duration is necessary for satisfying [the gap size check found in Represenation.cc](https://github.com/google/shaka-packager/blob/master/packager/mpd/base/representation.cc#L391).
- NOTE: bandwidth estimation is currently only used in HLS
2021-09-03 09:57:43 -07:00
Caitlin O'Callaghan cd018a71c3
Low latency DASH support (#979)
# LL-DASH Support
These changes add support for LL-DASH streaming. 

**NOTE:** LL-HLS support is still in progress, but it's coming. :) 

## Testing
`./chunking_unittest --gtest_filter="ChunkingHandlerTest.LowLatencyDash"`

`./media_event_unittest --gtest_filter="MpdNotifyMuxerListenerTest.LowLatencyDash"`

`./mpd_unittest --gtest_filter="PeriodTest.LowLatencyDashMpdGetXml"`
`./mpd_unittest --gtest_filter="SimpleMpdNotifierTest.NotifyAvailabilityTimeOffset"`
`./mpd_unittest --gtest_filter="SimpleMpdNotifierTest.NotifySegmentDuration"`
`./mpd_unittest --gtest_filter="LowLatencySegmentTest.LowLatencySegmentTemplate"`

Note, packager_test must be run from the main project directory
`./out/Release/packager_test --gtest_filter="PackagerTest.LowLatencyDashEnabledAndUtcTimingNotSet"`
`./out/Release/packager_test --gtest_filter="PackagerTest.LowLatencyDashEnabledAndUtcTimingNotSet"`
2021-08-25 08:38:05 -07:00
Joey Parrish cfbe5c08c2 cleanup: Convert all time parameters to signed
This converts all time parameters to signed, finishing a cleanup that
was started in 2018 in b4256bf0.  This changes the type of:
  - timestamps
    - PTS specifically
  - timestamp offsets
  - timescales
  - durations

This excludes:
  - MP4 box definitions
  - DTS specifically

This is meant to address signed/unsigned conversion issues on arm64
that caused some test cases to fail.

Change-Id: Ic752a20cbc6e31fea6bc0894d1771833171e7cbe
2021-08-05 18:24:15 +00:00
Joey Parrish 68b50f656d build: Stop using hermetic clang, libc++, etc
This brings our default build config more in line with what is
necessary for some platforms anyway: using the system-installed
toolchain and sysroot to build everything.

We will no longer fetch source or binaries for any specific build
tools, such as libc++, clang, gold, binutils, or valgrind.

The main part of this change is the changing of default gyp settings
in gyp_packager.py.  For this, a bug in gyp_packager.py had to be
fixed, in which similar GYP_DEFINE key names (such as clang and
host_clang) would conflict, causing some defaults not to be installed
properly.

In order to enable clang=0 by default, some changes had to be made in
common.gypi:
  - compiler macros added to fix a compatibility issue between
    Chromium's base/mac/ folder and the actual OSX SDK
	- replaced clang_warning_flags variables with standard cflags
	  settings, plus xcode_settings for OSX
  - turned off warnings-as-errors for non-shaka code, rather than
		allow-listing specific warning types, since we can't actually fix
    those warnings on any platform
  - disabled two specific warnings in shaka code, both of which are
    caused by headers from our non-shaka dependencies

Also, one warning (missing "override" keyword) has been fixed in
vod_media_info_dump_muxer_listener.h.

Although these changes were done to make building simpler on a wider
array of platforms (arm64, for example), it seems to make the build a
bit faster, too.  For me, at least, on my main Linux workstation:
  - "gclient sync" now runs 20-30% faster
  - "ninja -C out/Release" now runs 5-13% faster

The following environment variables are no longer required:
  - DEPOT_TOOLS_WIN_TOOLCHAIN
  - MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET
Documentation, Dockerfiles, and GitHub Actions workflows have been
updated to reflect this.

The following GYP_DEFINES are no longer required for anyone:
  - clang=0
  - host_clang=0
  - clang_xcode=1
  - use_allocator=none
  - use_experimental_allocator_shim=0
Documentation, Dockerfiles, and GitHub Actions workflows have been
updated to reflect this.

The following repos are no longer dependencies in gclient:
  - binutils
  - clang
  - gold
  - libc++
  - libc++abi
  - valgrind

The following gclient hooks have been removed:
  - clang
  - mac_toolchain
  - sysroot

Change-Id: Ie94ccbeec722ab73c291cb7df897d20761a09a70
2021-07-29 13:54:44 -07:00
Samidh 4686454a73
Add segment_list support for DASH on-demand profile
Configurable under flag --dash_force_segment_list, default to false.

Note that DASH live profile is not supported right now.
2021-05-25 12:08:58 -07:00
Jacob Trimble 56908a83a7 Convert text WebVTT output to muxer.
Now text-based WebVTT also uses the generic media pipeline.  This
converts the WebVttTextOutputHandler to a WebVttMuxer to be more
consistent with the other muxer types.

This also allows choosing between single-segment text and multi-segment.
Before, we would generate both and use single-segment for DASH and
multi-segment for HLS; but now you can choose between either and either
are supported in both DASH and HLS.

Change-Id: I6f7edda09e01b5f40e819290d3fe6e88677018d9
2020-10-19 17:24:38 +00:00
Weiguo Shao 540c0aaffb
Added AC-4 codec support (#795)
Closes #754.
2020-07-04 14:55:28 -07:00
Weiguo Shao 4f068bfaa8
Support DD+JOC in DASH and HLS (#775)
Spec: ETSI TS 102 366 V1.4.1
HLS: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/http_live_streaming/hls_authoring_specification_for_apple_devices/hls_authoring_specification_for_apple_devices_appendices
DASH: https://github.com/Dash-Industry-Forum/DASH-IF-IOP/issues/268

Closes #753.
2020-06-03 22:02:49 -07:00
Tim Lansen 8e113af215
[DASH] Include <mspr:pro> alongside to <cenc:pssh> for PlayReady (#749)
Configurable under flag --include_mspr_pro_for_playready. True by default.

Closes #743.
2020-04-17 10:20:03 -07:00
sr90 a1dd82d478
Support dash_only and hls_only parameters (#721)
This allows conditional stream descriptors which apply to DASH or HLS only.

Closes #651.
2020-03-06 10:19:47 -08:00
KongQun Yang b900565a0f Support Dolby Vision backward compatible profiles
Added Dolby Vision backward compatible signalling, i.e. for Dolby Vision
profile 8, both base codec without Dolby Vision and HDR codec with Dolby
Vision are signalled.

This is achieved by using a new MuxerListener implementation
MultiCodecMuxerListener, which wraps multiple child MuxerListeners and
is able to delegate to the child MuxerListeners based on the codecs in
the stream.

Closes #341.

Change-Id: I1967bb1ed503087cdd011c364e5fb5647d516ca4
2020-02-11 05:24:09 +00:00
KongQun Yang 0f15ce149b [HLS] Support FRAME-RATE attribute
Calculate FRAME-RATE from sample duration as in the DASH solution.

Right now calculated frame-rate may not be accurate in some scenarios,
so we avoid setting the attribute in HLS unless it is more than 30
fps. We will set it unconditionally once it is fixed.

Fixes #634.

Change-Id: I87b6e9a047d959ae88dd4dcb2b4786527ba5c9fc
2019-10-04 22:50:34 +00:00
KongQun Yang 3f909fa551 [HLS] Support HDR signaling, i.e. VIDEO-RANGE attribute
- Parse and extract transfer_characteristics from H264/H265 VUI
  parameters.
- Set VIDEO-RANGE attribute in HLS according to HLS specification:
  https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-pantos-hls-rfc8216bis-02#section-4.4.4.2
- Also added an end to end test.

Fixes #632.

Change-Id: Iadf557d967b42ade321fb0b152e8e7b64fe9ff3e
2019-10-04 22:50:20 +00:00
KongQun Yang 796974d2a1 [DASH] Support custom Accessibility and Role elements
Add dash_accessibilities stream descriptor, which is a semi-colon
separated list of accessibility_scheme_id_uri=value. It is optional.

Add dash_roles stream descriptor, which is a semi-colon separated
list of strings. It is optional.

Closes #565.

Change-Id: Idb1c20bb410fdd016db07e11fe507c102a3dd8ea
2019-06-13 15:43:32 -07:00
KongQun Yang 273ab09f05 Support HLS characteristics
Add hls_characteristics stream descriptor, which is a colon or semi-colon
separated list of strings. It is optional.

Fixes #430.

Change-Id: Ifcf79316e68768ff065891933de565cd0ff32ec4
2018-11-26 20:02:43 +00:00
KongQun Yang 1742e03471 Drepcate --num_subsegments_per_sidx
This flag was designed for two purpose:
- Grouping fragments into subsegments, achieving three level hierarchy:
  segment < subsegment < fragment.
- Indicate whether to generate 'sidx' box in media segments (when the
  value is set to a negative number).

There are no practical use case for the first purpose. Removing it to
simplify the code and reduce the confusion.

Introduce another flag --generate_sidx_in_media_segments for the second
purpose.

Change-Id: I4be7cd42662fb324c1158b978e05768ee49dd048
2018-07-02 21:59:14 +00:00
KongQun Yang b4256bf040 [Cleanup] Use int64_t for time for consistency
Change-Id: I408f3fe7c98320be4e43ca2a5bcb9b22cc8a2012
2018-06-29 22:53:06 +00:00
KongQun Yang 6e4820eedc [Ad Insertion] Support one file per Representation per Period
Allow the output file to contain template identifiers like $Number$,
$Time$ etc. Unlike the actual template used in SegmentTemplate, the
identifiers in output will be populated before pushing to the DASH
manifest.

Issue: #384

Change-Id: Ife1caadb6fccd32167fa1bc83fe2afcb2d2ad087
2018-05-31 23:59:21 +00:00
KongQun Yang 192ef2a0ac Update MuxerListeners to support multiple OnMediaStart/End
This is needed to support one file per representation per period where
there will be multiple content files generated.

Issue: #384

Change-Id: Ib7af750edf864d99075b8da4f3640217a5a94302
2018-05-25 20:43:34 +00:00
KongQun Yang 0af2c5cdcf Integrate PackedAudioWriter
Closes #342.

Change-Id: I2fb4a651ad90448ab226b386c92c94e11ff9f9a8
2018-05-16 18:12:42 -07:00
KongQun Yang 39beb99d6c Implemented PackedAudioWriter
Issue #342.

Change-Id: Ic1379b00e38f818460f24ad57122ca22c5b5285a
2018-05-16 21:52:18 +00:00
KongQun Yang b5a73fc1d5 Refactor ProtectionSystemSpecificInfo class to struct
This is in preparation of supporting entitlement license API, where
common encryption server may return concatenated PSSHs directly.

Refactored ProtectionSystemSpecificInfo into a struct containing
concatenated PSSHs. This will make it easier to pass PSSHs around.

Also, most of the time, users of ProtectionSystemSpecificInfo do
not care what is in PSSH; so moved PSSH box parsing and building out
of ProtectionSystemSpecificInfo.

b/78171767

Change-Id: I1c4d5e7e23efd2f7d4b2b9704378323112e47f00
2018-05-11 00:10:07 +00:00
KongQun Yang a78c3d3224 Use MessageDifferencer for proto comparison
Change-Id: Ifa4c56d09a7e9c5c71a37ec70f81d546fe58f0a9
2018-05-08 21:30:50 +00:00
KongQun Yang b2932d5a33 Fix bitrate for DASH on-demand profile too
Removed the logic in MuxerListener to estimate bandwidth from file
size and duration, since it is not compliant to the spec.

MpdBuilder will estimate bandwidth from segment size and duration
if bandwidth is not specified in MediaInfo.

Here is the statement from DASH spec (23009-1:2014):

Consider a hypothetical constant bitrate channel of
bandwidth with the value of this attribute in bits per second
(bps). Then, if the Representation is continuously delivered
at this bitrate, starting at any SAP that is indicated either by
@startwithsap or by any Segment Index box, a client can
be assured of having enough data for continuous playout
providing playout begins after @minbuffertime *
@bandwidth bits have been received (i.e. at time
@minbuffertime after the first bit is received).
For dependent Representations this value specifies the
bandwidth according to the above definition for the
aggregation of this Representation and all complementary
Representations.

Fixes #376.

Change-Id: I0fddce39e709d0cded0a4c9ae59adbbcc97ec5ea
2018-04-24 23:25:02 +00:00
KongQun Yang 60d7a4b2d5 Make MediaPlaylist accept HlsParams as contructor param
And for HlsNotifier and SimpleHlsNotifier as well.

This will make it easier to add preserve_segments_outside_live_window
param in a later CL.

Change-Id: I86d464fe247e04574158a0a76e39d8a122960ae4
2018-04-23 18:29:38 -07:00
Aaron Vaage 30b5fdf19f Add Text Codec To Codec String
This change has the hls master playlist add the text codec string
to the list of codecs in a variant.

Bug: 72942756

Change-Id: Ib25bb2064a291d10d7b1d261a4307991df62220c
2018-02-28 19:23:36 +00:00
KongQun Yang b647c6731c Support KeyFrame events in TS and MP4
Issue: #287

Change-Id: I7c50853c7cc61c5fadbb620f44f7574a27dc2b68
2018-02-02 14:05:50 -08:00
KongQun Yang 570a2d1a15 Support 'iframe_playlist_name' stream descriptor
Issue: #287

Change-Id: I484761dfacadce05175d16c4c12454f0ed932579
2018-02-02 22:00:18 +00:00
KongQun Yang 82735be58d Support key frame events in MuxerListener and HlsNotifier
Issue: #287

Change-Id: I33b91b73988fc40e113bd2e627d08f549a7e3dc5
2018-02-02 00:00:53 +00:00
Aaron Vaage 44847a0737 Changed Group Name Fallback
If no hls group name is given, we would default to "audio" but as
we are working to support text, this won't make sense to see
GROUP="audio" on a text stream.

Instead default to "default-audio-group" for audio streams. A specific
text default will be added later.

Bug: #205

Change-Id: Iefc8bfd35708286619d0004348294d98f2c38482
2018-02-01 10:24:58 -08:00
KongQun Yang c9fb2b4a85 Use start_time from CueEvent in NotifyCueEvent
Instead of using next segment start time, as CueEvent time may not
align with segment start time exactly.

Also remove the incorrect DCHECK in ChunkingHandler when processing
kScte35Event.

Change-Id: I4987740c99c8d0d25c9b99bddc5e557e45d308e0
2018-01-20 01:18:38 +00:00
Aaron Vaage c57da2b42d Create Muxer Listener Factory
Moved muxer listener creation into a factory so that it can be
initialized once and then the factory only needs to be passed
around rather than all the parameters.

Change-Id: Ibf7df66c08debddbe6f6ff8995e7910b9ad17f3f
2018-01-10 18:59:11 +00:00
Aaron Vaage 4ecb567daf Changed muxer listener to use "default"
Changed muxer listener to use "default" instead of {}
when defining its constructor and destructor in its
header file.

Change-Id: I3c80e808aa624293c3d7720ac6a47b470a663312
2018-01-08 17:52:04 +00:00
Aaron Vaage c88fe54553 WebVTT Output
This change introduces handlers to output WebVtt text files. There is
only one output but there is a common base to support others.

WebVttOutputHandler which handles all communication with other handlers
and WebVttSegmentedOutputHandler is responsible for listening for events
and choosing when and where to write cues and headers.

Bug: 36138902
Change-Id: I2b13a94262554398e66fee8cf024aa21041ddbab
2018-01-05 00:05:48 +00:00
KongQun Yang db74d6756e Propage CueEvent to MpdNotifier/HlsNotifier
Change-Id: I9828af11a28300d20cc8742251bbe1b4ebfdbad1
2018-01-04 18:25:03 +00:00
Haoming Chen feeb7361ff Clean up #ifndef in packager/media. (#310) 2017-12-19 16:56:36 -08:00
KongQun Yang 8e96dd3b37 Address gcc build failures in some platforms
Seeing some failures on some platforms when compiled with clang
disabled:
  GYP_DEFINES="clang=0" gclient runhooks

Several changes to make it work:
1. Mark packager code with packager_code=1 in GYP definitions.
2. Disable a few checks in non-packager code, which we do not have
   direct control: dangling-else, deprecated-declarations,
                   unused-function
3. Fix the relevant errors in packager code.
4. Revert HAVE_STROPTS_H in curl config which is not available in
   all linux distributions.

Fixes #286
Fixes #293

Change-Id: I729b41f99403c5ad9487c6cc4a7dc06f6323cef8
2017-12-07 11:45:26 -08:00
Aaron Vaage a9d957e7f0 Move Muxer Creation To Own Method
Moved all the code to do with creating a muxer to its own function to
help isolate it.

Change-Id: Ib259da7aaa41d325632d5f9bb3d54ae9df8d0e31
2017-09-11 12:23:07 -07:00
Ivan L. Isaev 1706b0bc3a multi-manifest (e.g. DASH + HLS) output support
Fixes #262
2017-08-29 13:42:33 -07:00
KongQun Yang 4e82ab13bd Consolidate Mp4OutputParams into MuxerOptions
Change-Id: I533e40ef9eb84453c15cbdb7ef42fc85bef5125d
2017-08-18 11:57:34 -07:00
KongQun Yang b451d3a7ca Consolidate various playlist_type types
Change-Id: If6fafc0867e7e1f3cd2ed612617e91c7cb144f20
2017-07-21 20:43:14 +00:00
KongQun Yang 61c58724ec Remove size parameter in OnMediaEnd
Derive file size from media ranges instead.

Also fix subsegment range reporting for WebM (internal variable,
no output affected).

Change-Id: I5f8152dff4c2cd5fbae5550992b86a669e278f7b
2017-07-21 20:42:44 +00:00