// Copyright 2014 Google Inc. All rights reserved. // // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style // license that can be found in the LICENSE file or at // https://developers.google.com/open-source/licenses/bsd #include "packager/media/formats/mp4/mp4_muxer.h" #include #include "packager/base/strings/string_number_conversions.h" #include "packager/base/time/clock.h" #include "packager/base/time/time.h" #include "packager/file/file.h" #include "packager/media/base/aes_encryptor.h" #include "packager/media/base/audio_stream_info.h" #include "packager/media/base/fourccs.h" #include "packager/media/base/key_source.h" #include "packager/media/base/media_sample.h" #include "packager/media/base/text_stream_info.h" #include "packager/media/base/video_stream_info.h" #include "packager/media/codecs/es_descriptor.h" #include "packager/media/event/muxer_listener.h" #include "packager/media/formats/mp4/box_definitions.h" #include "packager/media/formats/mp4/multi_segment_segmenter.h" #include "packager/media/formats/mp4/single_segment_segmenter.h" #include "packager/media/formats/ttml/ttml_generator.h" #include "packager/status_macros.h" namespace shaka { namespace media { namespace mp4 { namespace { // Sets the range start and end value from offset and size. // |start| and |end| are for byte-range-spec specified in RFC2616. void SetStartAndEndFromOffsetAndSize(size_t offset, size_t size, Range* range) { DCHECK(range); range->start = static_cast(offset); // Note that ranges are inclusive. So we need - 1. range->end = range->start + static_cast(size) - 1; } FourCC CodecToFourCC(Codec codec, H26xStreamFormat h26x_stream_format) { switch (codec) { case kCodecAV1: return FOURCC_av01; case kCodecH264: return h26x_stream_format == H26xStreamFormat::kNalUnitStreamWithParameterSetNalus ? FOURCC_avc3 : FOURCC_avc1; case kCodecH265: return h26x_stream_format == H26xStreamFormat::kNalUnitStreamWithParameterSetNalus ? FOURCC_hev1 : FOURCC_hvc1; case kCodecH265DolbyVision: return h26x_stream_format == H26xStreamFormat::kNalUnitStreamWithParameterSetNalus ? FOURCC_dvhe : FOURCC_dvh1; case kCodecVP8: return FOURCC_vp08; case kCodecVP9: return FOURCC_vp09; case kCodecAAC: case kCodecMP3: return FOURCC_mp4a; case kCodecAC3: return FOURCC_ac_3; case kCodecDTSC: return FOURCC_dtsc; case kCodecDTSH: return FOURCC_dtsh; case kCodecDTSL: return FOURCC_dtsl; case kCodecDTSE: return FOURCC_dtse; case kCodecDTSM: return FOURCC_dtsm; case kCodecEAC3: return FOURCC_ec_3; case kCodecAC4: return FOURCC_ac_4; case kCodecFlac: return FOURCC_fLaC; case kCodecOpus: return FOURCC_Opus; default: return FOURCC_NULL; } } void GenerateSinf(FourCC old_type, const EncryptionConfig& encryption_config, ProtectionSchemeInfo* sinf) { sinf->format.format = old_type; DCHECK_NE(encryption_config.protection_scheme, FOURCC_NULL); sinf->type.type = encryption_config.protection_scheme; // The version of cenc implemented here. CENC 4. const int kCencSchemeVersion = 0x00010000; sinf->type.version = kCencSchemeVersion; auto& track_encryption = sinf->info.track_encryption; track_encryption.default_is_protected = 1; track_encryption.default_crypt_byte_block = encryption_config.crypt_byte_block; track_encryption.default_skip_byte_block = encryption_config.skip_byte_block; switch (encryption_config.protection_scheme) { case FOURCC_cenc: case FOURCC_cbc1: DCHECK_EQ(track_encryption.default_crypt_byte_block, 0u); DCHECK_EQ(track_encryption.default_skip_byte_block, 0u); // CENCv3 10.1 ‘cenc’ AES-CTR scheme and 10.2 ‘cbc1’ AES-CBC scheme: // The version of the Track Encryption Box (‘tenc’) SHALL be 0. track_encryption.version = 0; break; case FOURCC_cbcs: case FOURCC_cens: // CENCv3 10.3 ‘cens’ AES-CTR subsample pattern encryption scheme and // 10.4 ‘cbcs’ AES-CBC subsample pattern encryption scheme: // The version of the Track Encryption Box (‘tenc’) SHALL be 1. track_encryption.version = 1; break; default: NOTREACHED() << "Unexpected protection scheme " << encryption_config.protection_scheme; } track_encryption.default_per_sample_iv_size = encryption_config.per_sample_iv_size; track_encryption.default_constant_iv = encryption_config.constant_iv; track_encryption.default_kid = encryption_config.key_id; } // The roll distance is expressed in sample units and always takes negative // values. int16_t GetRollDistance(uint64_t seek_preroll_ns, uint32_t sampling_frequency) { const double kNanosecondsPerSecond = 1000000000; const double preroll_in_samples = seek_preroll_ns / kNanosecondsPerSecond * sampling_frequency; // Round to closest integer. return -static_cast(preroll_in_samples + 0.5); } } // namespace MP4Muxer::MP4Muxer(const MuxerOptions& options) : Muxer(options) {} MP4Muxer::~MP4Muxer() {} Status MP4Muxer::InitializeMuxer() { // Muxer will be delay-initialized after seeing the first sample. to_be_initialized_ = true; return Status::OK; } Status MP4Muxer::Finalize() { // This happens on streams that are not initialized, i.e. not going through // DelayInitializeMuxer, which can only happen if there are no samples from // the stream. if (!segmenter_) { DCHECK(to_be_initialized_); LOG(INFO) << "Skip stream '" << options().output_file_name << "' which does not contain any sample."; return Status::OK; } Status segmenter_finalized = segmenter_->Finalize(); if (!segmenter_finalized.ok()) return segmenter_finalized; FireOnMediaEndEvent(); LOG(INFO) << "MP4 file '" << options().output_file_name << "' finalized."; return Status::OK; } Status MP4Muxer::AddMediaSample(size_t stream_id, const MediaSample& sample) { if (to_be_initialized_) { RETURN_IF_ERROR(UpdateEditListOffsetFromSample(sample)); RETURN_IF_ERROR(DelayInitializeMuxer()); to_be_initialized_ = false; } DCHECK(segmenter_); return segmenter_->AddSample(stream_id, sample); } Status MP4Muxer::FinalizeSegment(size_t stream_id, const SegmentInfo& segment_info) { DCHECK(segmenter_); VLOG(3) << "Finalizing " << (segment_info.is_subsegment ? "sub" : "") << "segment " << segment_info.start_timestamp << " duration " << segment_info.duration; return segmenter_->FinalizeSegment(stream_id, segment_info); } Status MP4Muxer::DelayInitializeMuxer() { DCHECK(!streams().empty()); std::unique_ptr ftyp(new FileType); std::unique_ptr moov(new Movie); ftyp->major_brand = FOURCC_mp41; ftyp->compatible_brands.push_back(FOURCC_iso8); ftyp->compatible_brands.push_back(FOURCC_isom); ftyp->compatible_brands.push_back(FOURCC_mp41); ftyp->compatible_brands.push_back(FOURCC_dash); if (streams().size() == 1) { FourCC codec_fourcc = FOURCC_NULL; if (streams()[0]->stream_type() == kStreamVideo) { codec_fourcc = CodecToFourCC(streams()[0]->codec(), static_cast(streams()[0].get()) ->h26x_stream_format()); if (codec_fourcc != FOURCC_NULL) ftyp->compatible_brands.push_back(codec_fourcc); } // CMAF allows only one track/stream per file. // CMAF requires single initialization switching for AVC3/HEV1, which is not // supported yet. if (codec_fourcc != FOURCC_avc3 && codec_fourcc != FOURCC_hev1) ftyp->compatible_brands.push_back(FOURCC_cmfc); } moov->header.creation_time = IsoTimeNow(); moov->header.modification_time = IsoTimeNow(); moov->header.next_track_id = static_cast(streams().size()) + 1; moov->tracks.resize(streams().size()); moov->extends.tracks.resize(streams().size()); // Initialize tracks. for (uint32_t i = 0; i < streams().size(); ++i) { const StreamInfo* stream = streams()[i].get(); Track& trak = moov->tracks[i]; trak.header.track_id = i + 1; TrackExtends& trex = moov->extends.tracks[i]; trex.track_id = trak.header.track_id; trex.default_sample_description_index = 1; bool generate_trak_result = false; switch (stream->stream_type()) { case kStreamVideo: generate_trak_result = GenerateVideoTrak( static_cast(stream), &trak); break; case kStreamAudio: generate_trak_result = GenerateAudioTrak( static_cast(stream), &trak); break; case kStreamText: generate_trak_result = GenerateTextTrak( static_cast(stream), &trak); break; default: NOTIMPLEMENTED() << "Not implemented for stream type: " << stream->stream_type(); } if (!generate_trak_result) return Status(error::MUXER_FAILURE, "Failed to generate trak."); // Generate EditList if needed. See UpdateEditListOffsetFromSample() for // more information. if (edit_list_offset_.value() > 0) { EditListEntry entry; entry.media_time = edit_list_offset_.value(); entry.media_rate_integer = 1; trak.edit.list.edits.push_back(entry); } if (stream->is_encrypted() && options().mp4_params.include_pssh_in_stream) { moov->pssh.clear(); const auto& key_system_info = stream->encryption_config().key_system_info; for (const ProtectionSystemSpecificInfo& system : key_system_info) { if (system.psshs.empty()) continue; ProtectionSystemSpecificHeader pssh; pssh.raw_box = system.psshs; moov->pssh.push_back(pssh); } } } if (options().segment_template.empty()) { segmenter_.reset(new SingleSegmentSegmenter(options(), std::move(ftyp), std::move(moov))); } else { segmenter_.reset( new MultiSegmentSegmenter(options(), std::move(ftyp), std::move(moov))); } const Status segmenter_initialized = segmenter_->Initialize(streams(), muxer_listener(), progress_listener()); if (!segmenter_initialized.ok()) return segmenter_initialized; FireOnMediaStartEvent(); return Status::OK; } Status MP4Muxer::UpdateEditListOffsetFromSample(const MediaSample& sample) { if (edit_list_offset_) return Status::OK; const int64_t pts = sample.pts(); const int64_t dts = sample.dts(); // An EditList entry is inserted if one of the below conditions occur [4]: // (1) pts > dts for the first sample. Due to Chrome's dts bug [1], dts is // used in buffered range API, while pts is used elsewhere (players, // manifests, and Chrome's own appendWindow check etc.), this // inconsistency creates various problems, including possible stalls // during playback. Since Chrome adjusts pts only when seeing EditList // [2], we can insert an EditList with the time equal to difference of pts // and dts to make aligned buffered ranges using pts and dts. This // effectively workarounds the dts bug. It is also recommended by ISO-BMFF // specification [3]. // (2) pts == dts and with pts < 0. This happens for some audio codecs where a // negative presentation timestamp signals that the sample is not supposed // to be shown, i.e. for audio priming. EditList is needed to encode // negative timestamps. // [1] https://crbug.com/718641, fixed but behind MseBufferByPts, still not // enabled as of M67. // [2] This is actually a bug, see https://crbug.com/354518. It looks like // Chrome is planning to enable the fix for [1] before addressing this // bug, so we are safe. // [3] ISO 14496-12:2015 8.6.6.1 // It is recommended that such an edit be used to establish a presentation // time of 0 for the first presented sample, when composition offsets are // used. // [4] ISO 23009-19:2018 7.5.13 // In two cases, an EditBox containing a single EditListBox with the // following constraints may be present in the CMAF header of a CMAF track // to adjust the presentation time of all media samples in the CMAF track. // a) The first case is a video CMAF track file using v0 TrackRunBoxes // with positive composition offsets to reorder video media samples. // b) The second case is an audio CMAF track where each media sample's // presentation time does not equal its composition time. const int64_t pts_dts_offset = pts - dts; if (pts_dts_offset > 0) { if (pts < 0) { LOG(ERROR) << "Negative presentation timestamp (" << pts << ") is not supported when there is an offset between " "presentation timestamp and decoding timestamp (" << dts << ")."; return Status(error::MUXER_FAILURE, "Unsupported negative pts when there is an offset between " "pts and dts."); } edit_list_offset_ = pts_dts_offset; return Status::OK; } if (pts_dts_offset < 0) { LOG(ERROR) << "presentation timestamp (" << pts << ") is not supposed to be greater than decoding timestamp (" << dts << ")."; return Status(error::MUXER_FAILURE, "Not expecting pts < dts."); } edit_list_offset_ = std::max(-sample.pts(), static_cast(0)); return Status::OK; } void MP4Muxer::InitializeTrak(const StreamInfo* info, Track* trak) { int64_t now = IsoTimeNow(); trak->header.creation_time = now; trak->header.modification_time = now; trak->header.duration = 0; trak->media.header.creation_time = now; trak->media.header.modification_time = now; trak->media.header.timescale = info->time_scale(); trak->media.header.duration = 0; if (!info->language().empty()) { // Strip off the subtag, if any. std::string main_language = info->language(); size_t dash = main_language.find('-'); if (dash != std::string::npos) { main_language.erase(dash); } // ISO-639-2/T main language code should be 3 characters. if (main_language.size() != 3) { LOG(WARNING) << "'" << main_language << "' is not a valid ISO-639-2 " << "language code, ignoring."; } else { trak->media.header.language.code = main_language; } } } bool MP4Muxer::GenerateVideoTrak(const VideoStreamInfo* video_info, Track* trak) { InitializeTrak(video_info, trak); // width and height specify the track's visual presentation size as // fixed-point 16.16 values. uint32_t pixel_width = video_info->pixel_width(); uint32_t pixel_height = video_info->pixel_height(); if (pixel_width == 0 || pixel_height == 0) { LOG(WARNING) << "pixel width/height are not set. Assuming 1:1."; pixel_width = 1; pixel_height = 1; } const double sample_aspect_ratio = static_cast(pixel_width) / pixel_height; trak->header.width = video_info->width() * sample_aspect_ratio * 0x10000; trak->header.height = video_info->height() * 0x10000; VideoSampleEntry video; video.format = CodecToFourCC(video_info->codec(), video_info->h26x_stream_format()); video.width = video_info->width(); video.height = video_info->height(); video.codec_configuration.data = video_info->codec_config(); if (!video.ParseExtraCodecConfigsVector(video_info->extra_config())) { LOG(ERROR) << "Malformed extra codec configs: " << base::HexEncode(video_info->extra_config().data(), video_info->extra_config().size()); return false; } if (pixel_width != 1 || pixel_height != 1) { video.pixel_aspect.h_spacing = pixel_width; video.pixel_aspect.v_spacing = pixel_height; } SampleDescription& sample_description = trak->media.information.sample_table.description; sample_description.type = kVideo; sample_description.video_entries.push_back(video); if (video_info->is_encrypted()) { if (video_info->has_clear_lead()) { // Add a second entry for clear content. sample_description.video_entries.push_back(video); } // Convert the first entry to an encrypted entry. VideoSampleEntry& entry = sample_description.video_entries[0]; GenerateSinf(entry.format, video_info->encryption_config(), &entry.sinf); entry.format = FOURCC_encv; } return true; } bool MP4Muxer::GenerateAudioTrak(const AudioStreamInfo* audio_info, Track* trak) { InitializeTrak(audio_info, trak); trak->header.volume = 0x100; AudioSampleEntry audio; audio.format = CodecToFourCC(audio_info->codec(), H26xStreamFormat::kUnSpecified); switch(audio_info->codec()){ case kCodecAAC: { DecoderConfigDescriptor* decoder_config = audio.esds.es_descriptor.mutable_decoder_config_descriptor(); decoder_config->set_object_type(ObjectType::kISO_14496_3); // MPEG4 AAC. decoder_config->set_max_bitrate(audio_info->max_bitrate()); decoder_config->set_avg_bitrate(audio_info->avg_bitrate()); decoder_config->mutable_decoder_specific_info_descriptor()->set_data( audio_info->codec_config()); break; } case kCodecDTSC: case kCodecDTSH: case kCodecDTSL: case kCodecDTSE: case kCodecDTSM: audio.ddts.extra_data = audio_info->codec_config(); audio.ddts.max_bitrate = audio_info->max_bitrate(); audio.ddts.avg_bitrate = audio_info->avg_bitrate(); audio.ddts.sampling_frequency = audio_info->sampling_frequency(); audio.ddts.pcm_sample_depth = audio_info->sample_bits(); break; case kCodecAC3: audio.dac3.data = audio_info->codec_config(); break; case kCodecEAC3: audio.dec3.data = audio_info->codec_config(); break; case kCodecAC4: audio.dac4.data = audio_info->codec_config(); break; case kCodecFlac: audio.dfla.data = audio_info->codec_config(); break; case kCodecMP3: { DecoderConfigDescriptor* decoder_config = audio.esds.es_descriptor.mutable_decoder_config_descriptor(); uint32_t samplerate = audio_info->sampling_frequency(); if (samplerate < 32000) decoder_config->set_object_type(ObjectType::kISO_13818_3_MPEG1); else decoder_config->set_object_type(ObjectType::kISO_11172_3_MPEG1); decoder_config->set_max_bitrate(audio_info->max_bitrate()); decoder_config->set_avg_bitrate(audio_info->avg_bitrate()); // For values of DecoderConfigDescriptor.objectTypeIndication // that refer to streams complying with ISO/IEC 11172-3 or // ISO/IEC 13818-3 the decoder specific information is empty // since all necessary data is contained in the bitstream frames // itself. break; } case kCodecOpus: audio.dops.opus_identification_header = audio_info->codec_config(); break; default: NOTIMPLEMENTED() << " Unsupported audio codec " << audio_info->codec(); return false; } if (audio_info->codec() == kCodecAC3 || audio_info->codec() == kCodecEAC3) { // AC3 and EC3 does not fill in actual channel count and sample size in // sample description entry. Instead, two constants are used. audio.channelcount = 2; audio.samplesize = 16; } else if (audio_info->codec() == kCodecAC4) { //ETSI TS 103 190-2, E.4.5 channelcount should be set to the total number of //audio outputchannels of the default audio presentation of that track audio.channelcount = audio_info->num_channels(); //ETSI TS 103 190-2, E.4.6 samplesize shall be set to 16. audio.samplesize = 16; } else { audio.channelcount = audio_info->num_channels(); audio.samplesize = audio_info->sample_bits(); } audio.samplerate = audio_info->sampling_frequency(); SampleTable& sample_table = trak->media.information.sample_table; SampleDescription& sample_description = sample_table.description; sample_description.type = kAudio; sample_description.audio_entries.push_back(audio); if (audio_info->is_encrypted()) { if (audio_info->has_clear_lead()) { // Add a second entry for clear content. sample_description.audio_entries.push_back(audio); } // Convert the first entry to an encrypted entry. AudioSampleEntry& entry = sample_description.audio_entries[0]; GenerateSinf(entry.format, audio_info->encryption_config(), &entry.sinf); entry.format = FOURCC_enca; } if (audio_info->seek_preroll_ns() > 0) { sample_table.sample_group_descriptions.resize(1); SampleGroupDescription& sample_group_description = sample_table.sample_group_descriptions.back(); sample_group_description.grouping_type = FOURCC_roll; sample_group_description.audio_roll_recovery_entries.resize(1); sample_group_description.audio_roll_recovery_entries[0].roll_distance = GetRollDistance(audio_info->seek_preroll_ns(), audio.samplerate); // sample to group box is not allowed in the init segment per CMAF // specification. It is put in the fragment instead. } return true; } bool MP4Muxer::GenerateTextTrak(const TextStreamInfo* text_info, Track* trak) { InitializeTrak(text_info, trak); if (text_info->codec_string() == "wvtt") { // Handle WebVTT. TextSampleEntry webvtt; webvtt.format = FOURCC_wvtt; // 14496-30:2014 7.5 Web Video Text Tracks Sample entry format. // In the sample entry, a WebVTT configuration box must occur, carrying // exactly the lines of the WebVTT file header, i.e. all text lines up to // but excluding the 'two or more line terminators' that end the header. webvtt.config.config = "WEBVTT"; // The spec does not define a way to carry STYLE and REGION information in // the mp4 container. if (!text_info->regions().empty() || !text_info->css_styles().empty()) { LOG(INFO) << "Skipping possible style / region configuration as the spec " "does not define a way to carry them inside ISO-BMFF files."; } // TODO(rkuroiwa): This should be the source file URI(s). Putting bogus // string for now so that the box will be there for samples with overlapping // cues. webvtt.label.source_label = "source_label"; SampleDescription& sample_description = trak->media.information.sample_table.description; sample_description.type = kText; sample_description.text_entries.push_back(webvtt); return true; } else if (text_info->codec_string() == "ttml") { // Handle TTML. TextSampleEntry ttml; ttml.format = FOURCC_stpp; ttml.namespace_ = ttml::TtmlGenerator::kTtNamespace; SampleDescription& sample_description = trak->media.information.sample_table.description; sample_description.type = kSubtitle; sample_description.text_entries.push_back(ttml); return true; } NOTIMPLEMENTED() << text_info->codec_string() << " handling not implemented yet."; return false; } base::Optional MP4Muxer::GetInitRangeStartAndEnd() { size_t range_offset = 0; size_t range_size = 0; const bool has_range = segmenter_->GetInitRange(&range_offset, &range_size); if (!has_range) return base::nullopt; Range range; SetStartAndEndFromOffsetAndSize(range_offset, range_size, &range); return range; } base::Optional MP4Muxer::GetIndexRangeStartAndEnd() { size_t range_offset = 0; size_t range_size = 0; const bool has_range = segmenter_->GetIndexRange(&range_offset, &range_size); if (!has_range) return base::nullopt; Range range; SetStartAndEndFromOffsetAndSize(range_offset, range_size, &range); return range; } void MP4Muxer::FireOnMediaStartEvent() { if (!muxer_listener()) return; if (streams().size() > 1) { LOG(ERROR) << "MuxerListener cannot take more than 1 stream."; return; } DCHECK(!streams().empty()) << "Media started without a stream."; const uint32_t timescale = segmenter_->GetReferenceTimeScale(); muxer_listener()->OnMediaStart(options(), *streams().front(), timescale, MuxerListener::kContainerMp4); } void MP4Muxer::FireOnMediaEndEvent() { if (!muxer_listener()) return; MuxerListener::MediaRanges media_range; media_range.init_range = GetInitRangeStartAndEnd(); media_range.index_range = GetIndexRangeStartAndEnd(); media_range.subsegment_ranges = segmenter_->GetSegmentRanges(); const float duration_seconds = static_cast(segmenter_->GetDuration()); muxer_listener()->OnMediaEnd(media_range, duration_seconds); } uint64_t MP4Muxer::IsoTimeNow() { // Time in seconds from Jan. 1, 1904 to epoch time, i.e. Jan. 1, 1970. const uint64_t kIsomTimeOffset = 2082844800l; return kIsomTimeOffset + (clock() ? clock()->Now() : base::Time::Now()).ToDoubleT(); } } // namespace mp4 } // namespace media } // namespace shaka